Optimization of an Extended Ducts Silencer Using GA and the Active/Inactive FEM

Moura, V. L. Mechanical Engineering Department, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba-PR, vitor.moura@pucpr.edu.br

Lima, K. F. Mechanical Engineering Department, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba-PR

Cirino, P. D. Mechanical Engineering Department, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba-PR

Miquelin, D. P. Mechanical Engineering Department, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba-PR

Barbieri, N. Mechanical Engineering Department, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba-PR

Resumo

O ruído gerado por sistemas mecânicos, é atualmente uma das principais fontes de poluição sonora. Dessa forma, a ciência do controle de ruído, vem desenvolvendo estudos que visam a diminuição da emissão de ruídos e a redução de seus efeitos sobre o meio ambiente e o ser humano. Com isso, o principal objetivo desse trabalho é aplicar técnicas de otimização de câmaras acústicas reativas com o uso do Algoritmo Genético (GA), modificando a forma geométrica da cavidade. A eficiência da câmara é avaliada com o Método dos Elementos Finitos (FEM) utilizando-se da análise tridimensional com elementos hexaédricos de 8 nós. O algoritmo foi primeiramente validado com um modelo de câmara simples com dois dutos estendidos concêntricos. A otimização foi realizada nas 3 primeiras frequências de ressonância da cavidade de um silenciador da literatura, sendo elas, de forma isoladas, combinadas em pares e simultaneamente. Para isso, aplicou-se o método de elementos finitos ativos/inativos. Os resultados da otimização dos modelos mostraram-se mais eficientes, em relação a perda de transmissão sonora em uma banda larga de frequência quando comparados ao modelo base, sem dutos estendidos. Nestas condições, a perda de transmissão obtida foi 10 dB maior entre a primeira e terceira frequência de ressonância do modelo.

Palavras-chaves:

Otimização

Silenciadores

Método dos Elementos Finitos

Perda de Transmissão

Algoritmo Genético.

Abstract

The noise generated by mechanical systems is currently one of the main sources of noise pollution. For this reason, the noise control science has been developing studies focus on reduction of the noise emission and the effects on the environment and human beings. The main objective of the present work is to apply optimization techniques for reactive acoustic chambers using the Genetic Algorithm (GA), modifying the shape of their cavities. The efficiency of the chamber is evaluated using the traditional three-dimensional Finite Element Method (MEF) using 8-node hexahedral elements. The algorithm was first validated with a single expansion chamber model with two concentric extended ducts. The optimization was evaluated in the first 3 resonance frequencies of the cavity from a silencer of the literature. The frequencies were studied in an isolated, combined in pairs and all of them simultaneously. For this, the Active/Inactive FEM was applied. The results of the optimization of the models were efficient, in relation to the sound transmission loss in a wide frequency band when compared to the base model, without extended ducts. Under these conditions, the transmission loss obtained was 10 dB greater between the first and third resonance frequencies of the model.

Keywords:

Optimization

silencers

Finite Element Method

Transmission Loss

Genetic Algorithms.

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