Ocorrência de baleias na Bacia de Santos e sua relação com a temperatura da superfície do mar

Espirito Santo, S.R.G.S. Instituto de Pesquisa da Marinha, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, sidneyrafaelgomes@gmail.com
Xavier, F.C. Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, fabiofcx@gmail.com
Soares-Filho, W. Instituto de Pesquisa da Marinha, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, fabianomarcos26}@gmail.com
Galotta, C. Instituto de Pesquisa da Marinha, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, william.soares@marinha.mil.br
Lima, F.M. Instituto de Pesquisa da Marinha, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, catia.galotta@marinha.mil.br
Calado, L. Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, leandro_calado@hotmail.com

Resumo

O uso de tecnicas automaticas de detec9ao acustica de baleias tem crescido nos ultimos anos devido, principalmente, ao aumento do volume de dados gerados por um monitoramento acustico passivo mais intenso. Durante o invemo e a primavera, ha maior concentra9ao de baleias na costa brasileira devido a migra9ao. Alguns estudos mostram que frentes termicas tem o potencial de atrair as baleias, ainda que, em ambiente tropical, a maioria destes organismos nao se alimente. Na costa brasileira estes estudos sao escassos, nao sendo encontrado um estudo que proponha uma analise integrada da distribui9ao de baleias e a temperatura da superficie do mar {TSM). 0 objetivo deste trabalho e avaliar as varia9oes espaciais e temporais de gemidos de baleia durante o invemo e sua rela9ao com a TSM. Com o intuito de detectar baleias, foi aplicado um detector automatico nas grava9oes acusticas efetuadas por glider, entre 23/07/18 e 28/08/18, no ambito do Projeto de Monitoramento da Paisagem Acustica Submarina da Bacia de Santos (PMPAS-BS). Ja a TSM, foi obtida por meio de produtos modelados do Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Service. A realiza9ao do PMPAS-BS e uma condicionante exigida pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis {IBAMA) para licenciamento ambiental federal<as atividades de produ9ao e escoamento de 6leo da Petrobras na Bacia de Santos. Foram observados gemidos de baleia em 58% as grava9oes realizadas. Durante a noite, ha maior concentra9ao de detec9oes de gemido de baleia, onde cerca de 65% as grava9oes acusticas apresentaram detec9ao de gemido. As detec9oes ocorreram em boa parte da area amostrada, sem preferencia por uma regiao especifica. Parece que ha mais baleias em aguas mais frias. E necessario que estudos futuros abranjam uma serie temporal maior, a fim de fomecer detalhamento mais conclusivo acerca da ocorrencia de baleias e a TSM.

Palavras-chaves:  
baleias
,
detecção automática
,
temperatura da superfície do mar.

Abstract

The use of automatic acoustic whale detection techniques has grown in recent years, mainly due to increase volume of data generated by more intensive passive acoustic monitoring. During winter and spring, there is a greater concentration of whales on the Brazilian coast due to migration. Some studies show that thermal fronts have the potential to attract whales, even though, in a tropical ambient, most of these organisms do not feed. On the Brazilian coast, these studies are uncommon, not being found a study that proposes an integrated analysis of the distribution of whales and the sea surface temperature (SST). The objective of this work is to evaluate the spatial and temporal variations of whale moans during winter and its relationship with the SST. To detect a whale, an automatic detector was applied to the acoustic recordings made by gliders between 07/23/18 to 08/28/18, within the scope of the Santos Basin Underwater Acoustic Soundscape Monitoring Project (PMPAS- BS, in the Portuguese acronym). Yet the SST was obtained through modeled product of Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Service. The execution of the PMPAS-BS is a conditioning required by the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) under the federal environmental licensing of the oil and gas production activities of Petrobras at Santos Basin. Whale moans were observed in 58% of executed records. During the night, there is the biggest concentration of detection of whale moan, where close to 65% of the acoustic records presented moan detection. The detections occurred at almost all the sampled area, whith no preference for a specific region. It seems to have more whales in colder waters. It is necessary that future studies cover a longer time series to provide more conclusive details about the occurrence of whales and the SST.

Keywords:  
whale
,
automatic detection
,
sea surface temperature.

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Publicado em:
01/09/2022