Exposição sonora em avenidas da região central de Belo Horizonte – MG

Mota, L. C. C. dB Laboratório de Engenharia Acústica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, lorena@dbacustica.com.br

Cavalcante, K. V. S. M. dB Laboratório de Engenharia Acústica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, krisdany@dbacustica.com.br

Hirashima, S. Q. da S. Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, simoneqs@gmail.com

Bento-Coelho, J. L. Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, bcoelho@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

Resumo

A capital de Minais Gerais, Belo Horizonte, foi planejada por Aarão Reis e inaugurada em 1897. A região central da cidade é circundada pela Avenida do Contorno, via com fluxo intenso de veículos que delimita um traçado previamente planejado para a cidade. Essa região é uma área centralizadora de atividades e de serviços e, por isso, o deslocamento de veículos é realizado por avenidas que permitem um fluxo intenso durante o dia todo. Em locais com fluxo de veículos intenso, o ruído do tráfego influencia significativamente a exposição sonora da população, podendo gerar efeitos negativos na saúde das pessoas. Desta forma, este artigo apresenta o ruído do tráfego gerado por veículos na Av. Amazonas e na Av. Afonso Pena, em Belo Horizonte, por meio de simulação computacional. Utilizou-se a modelagem elaborada anteriormente durante a caracterização acústica da região central de Belo Horizonte e os dados do fluxo de veículos fornecidos pela SITRAN. Os resultados indicam níveis sonoros elevados na Av. Amazonas e na Av. Afonso Pena, que ultrapassam o limite normativo estabelecido pela legislação municipal. Considerando que, além do trânsito, outras fontes sonoras estão presentes nestas avenidas, e que estas recebem influência do trânsito das vias próximas, se conclui que a exposição sonora das pessoas pode ser ainda maior do que a retratada neste artigo e que planos de ação devem ser elaborados para contenção do ruído na região.

Palavras-chaves:

ruído urbano

ruído de tráfego

acústica urbana.

Abstract

The capital of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, was planned by Aarão Reis and inaugurated in 1897. The central region of the city is circled by Avenida do Contorno, a road with an intense flow of vehicles that delimits a previously planned area of the city. This region is an area that centralizes activities and services and, because of that, the movement of vehicles is conducted by avenues that allow an intense flow throughout the day. In places with an intense flow of vehicles, traffic noise significantly affects the population's noise exposure, generating negative effects on people's health. This article presents the traffic noise generated by vehicles on Av. Amazonas and Av. Afonso Pena, in Belo Horizonte, through computer simulation. The modeling developed previously during the acoustic characterization of the central region of Belo Horizonte and the data on the flow of vehicles provided by SITRAN were used. The results indicate high sound levels on Av. Amazonas and Av. Afonso Pena, which exceed the normative limit established by municipal legislation. Considering that, in these avenues, in addition to the noise from the traffic of vehicles, other noise sources are also present, including that from the traffic on nearby roads, it is concluded that the noise exposure of people is even greater than that portrayed in this paper, and that action plans must be developed to contain noise in the region.

Keywords:

urban noise

traffic noise

urban acoustics.

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