Desempenho de um metamaterial absorvedor acústico com diferentes perfurações manufaturado pela técnica de corte a laser e camadas justapostas

Performance of an acoustic absorbing metamaterial with different perforations manufactured by laser cutting technique and juxtaposed layers

Cassettari, I. Laboratório de Vibrações e Acústica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil, icassettari@hotmail.com
Vergara, E. F. Laboratório de Vibrações e Acústica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
Almeira, G. N. Laboratório de Vibrações e Acústica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
Barbosa, L. R. Laboratório de Vibrações e Acústica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
Mikulski, R. Z. Laboratório de Vibrações e Acústica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
Farias, L. C. B. Laboratório de Vibrações e Acústica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil

Resumo

O presente estudo investiga o desempenho de um metamaterial acústico labiríntico (MMAL) com perfurações arbitrárias manufaturado pela técnica de corte a laser utilizando um equipamento de comando numérico compu- tadorizado (CNC). Neste sentido, o objetivo é desenvolver absorvedores sonoros com baixo custo de produção e absorção sonora máxima. A metodologia de fabricação consiste no corte das camadas do material escolhido seguida da colagem para construção final do MMAL. Modelos analíticos do absorvedor com perfurações do tipo fenda, circular e quadrada foram utilizados. Apesar de o coeficiente de absorção sonora do absorvedor ser sensível às variações das dimensões das aberturas, dimensões ótimas foram calculadas. Para validar o método construtivo, amostras com perfurações cilíndricas, quadrada e do tipo fenda com distintas profundidades (2,9 mm e 5,8 mm) cada e sintonizadas em 270 Hz foram construídas em MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) e avaliadas em um aparato de tubo de impedância. Resultados experimentais demonstram boa concordância com os modelos analíticos obtendo erro máximo de 8 Hz além de ratificar a utilização da técnica proposta na construção dos MMAL. Para construir todas as amostras ensaiadas foi investido cerca de 7% do valor para construção do mesmo conjunto aplicando a tecnologia de impressão 3D pela técnica de extrusão de material ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene). Os resultados indicam que um MMAL construído pelo corte a laser tem desempenho próximo aos fabricados com impressão 3D. Dessa forma o emprego desta técnica apresenta-se promissora, principalmente por permitir a construção de MMAL em grande escala e baixo custo.

Palavras-chaves:  
Absorção sonora
,
Cortes a laser
,
Metamaterial acústico
,
Camadas justapostas.

Abstract

The present study investigates the performance of a labyrinthine acoustic metamaterial (LAMM) with arbitrary perforations manufactured by the laser cutting technique using computer numerical control (CNC) equipment. In this sense, the objective is to develop sound absorbers with low production cost and maximum sound absorption. The manufacturing methodology consists of cutting the layers of the selected material followed by gluing for the final construction of the LAMM. Analytical models of the absorber with different types of perforations (slit, circular and square) were used. Optimal dimensions were calculated despite the sound absorption coefficient of the absorber being sensitive to variations in the dimensions of the openings. To validate the constructive method, samples with cylindrical, square and slit-type perforations with different depths (2.9 mm and 5.8 mm) each and tuned to 270 Hz were built in MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) and evaluated in an apparatus of impedance tube. Experimental results demonstrate good agreement with the analytical models, obtaining a maximum error of 8 Hz, in addition to confirming the use of the proposed technique in the construction of the LAMM. To manufacture all tested samples, about 7% of the value was invested to build the same set by applying 3D printing technology using the extrusion technique of ABS material (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene). The results indicate that an LAMM manufactured by laser cutting has a performance close to those made with 3D printing. Thus, the use of this technique is promising, mainly because it allows the construction of LAMM on a large scale and at low cost.

Keywords:  
Sound absorption
,
Laser cutting
,
Acoustic metamaterial
,
Juxtaposed layers.

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Publicado em:
01/09/2022