AcousticCanvas: um simulador de câmeras acústicas de código aberto para ambientes reverberantes

AcousticCanvas: an open-source acoustic camera simulator for reverberant environments

Barbosa, B. P. Departamento de Engenharia Industrial, Universidade Federal Da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil, breno.prazeres@ufba.br
Santos, T. O. Divisão de Sistemas Elétricos e Computacionais, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil, taylane.oliveirast@aluno.ufrb.edu.br
Miranda, I. D. S. Divisão de Sistemas Elétricos e Computacionais, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil, igordantas@ufrb.edu.br
Lima, A. C. C. Departamento de Engenharia Industrial, Universidade Federal Da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil, acdcl@ufba.br

Resumo

Câmeras acústicas são dispositivos que permitem a visualização da origem e da intensidade de ondas sonoras através da formação de imagens acústicas e, geralmente, são aplicadas no desenvolvimento de produtos e no monitoramento de equipamentos industriais. Diversos parâmetros devem ser considerados durante a aquisição ou projeto de uma câmera acústica, relacionados ao arranjo de microfones, às fontes sonoras e às características do ambiente. Por conta disso, a simulação de câmeras acústicas é uma etapa essencial para utilização adequada desta tecnologia. Os poucos simuladores disponíveis possuem aplicabilidade restrita, como ambientes subaquáticos, ou não são adequados para ambientes reverberantes. Isso dificulta a realização de análises de adequação de uma câmera acústica a uma nova aplicação, bem como no desenvolvimento de novas câmeras. Este trabalho descreve o projeto AcousticCanvas, um simulador de câmeras acústicas de código aberto, voltado principalmente para aplicações em ambientes reverberantes, como salas, auditórios e afins. Os efeitos da reverberação foram simulados utilizando o método Image-Source, no qual a reverberação do ambiente pode ser variada por meio de alterações nos coeficientes de reflexão das paredes. Para a geração das imagens acústicas, o usuário dispõe de uma variedade de algoritmos de beamforming, como o Delay-And-Sum, Minimum Variance, CLEAN, entre outros. O simulador desenvolvido permite: utilização de múltiplas fontes e arranjos de microfones com posicionamento espacial parametrizável; definição do tipo e das dimensões do ambiente; utilização de sinais senoidais, arquivos de áudios ou ruído branco; controle da relação sinal-ruído; controle de reverberação; aumento de desempenho com o uso de processamento paralelo, entre outras funcionalidades. Os desafios e os trabalhos futuros relacionados ao projeto AcousticCanvas também são descritos.

Palavras-chaves:  
Câmeras acústicas
,
simulador
,
reverberação
,
arranjo de microfones.

Abstract

Acoustic cameras are devices that allow the visualization of the origin and intensity of sound waves through the formation of acoustic images. These devices are generally applied to product development and industrial equipment monitoring. Several aspects must be considered during the acquisition or design of an acoustic camera, such as the arrangement of microphones, the sound sources, and the characteristics of the environment. Because of this, the simulation of acoustic cameras is an essential step for the proper use of this technology. The few simulators available have restricted applicability, such as underwater environments, or are not suitable for reverberant environments. This makes it difficult to carry out analyses of acoustic camera suitability to a new application as well as the development of new cameras. This work describes the AcousticCanvas project, an open-source acoustic camera simulator, aimed mainly at applications in reverberant environments, such as halls, auditoriums, and the like. The effects of reverberation are simulated using the Image-Source method, in which the reverberation of the environment can be varied through changes in the reflection coefficients of the walls. For the generation of acoustic images, the user has a variety of beamforming algorithms, such as Delay-And-Sum, Minimum Variance, CLEAN, among others. The proposed simulator allows to: build setups with multiple sources and microphone arrays; define the type and the dimensions of the environment; use sinusoidal signals, audio files, or white noise; control the signal-to-noise ratio and reverberation level; increase the simulator performance through parallel processing; among other features. The challenges and future work related to the Acoustic Canvas project are also described.

Keywords:  
Acoustic cameras
,
simulator
,
reverberation
,
microphone array.

Referências

[1] Padois, Thomas; Fischer, Jeoffrey; Doolan, Con e Doutres, Olivier. Acoustic imaging with conventional frequency domain beamforming and generalized cross correlation: a comparison study. Applied Acoustics, 177:107914, 2021.
[2] Fiebig, Wiesław e D ˛abrowski, Damian. Use of acous tic camera for noise sources localization and noise reduction in the industrial plant. Archives of Acous tics, págs. 111–117, 2020.
[3] Chiariotti, Paolo; Martarelli, Milena e Castellini, Paolo. Acoustic beamforming for noise source localization–reviews, methodology and applications. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 120:422 448, 2019.
[4] Fedorko, Gabriel; Liptai, Pavol e Molnár, Vieroslav. Proposal of the methodology for noise sources identi fication and analysis of continuous transport systemsusing an acoustic camera. Engineering Failure Analy sis, 83:30–46, 2018.
[5] Pavlikova, L’udmila; Hricová, Beata e Lumnitzer, Er vín. Acoustic camera as a tool for identifying machi nery and equipment failures. Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal, 12(1), 2018.
[6] Merino-Martínez, Roberto; Sijtsma, Pieter; Snellen, Mirjam; Ahlefeldt, Thomas; Antoni, Jerome; Bahr, Christopher J; Blacodon, Daniel; Ernst, Daniel; Finez, Arthur; Funke, Stefan et al. A review of acoustic imaging methods using phased microphone arrays. CEASAeronautical Journal, 10(1):197–230, 2019.
[7] Park, Munhum e Rafaely, Boaz. Sound-field analy sis by plane-wave decomposition using spherical mi crophone array. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118(5):3094–3103, 2005.
[8] Dougherty, Robert P; Fonseca, William D’Andrea e Gerges, Samir NY. Beamforming in reflecting envi ronments: An experiment in a reverberation chamber. EmNoise Control and Acoustics Division Conference, volume 48396, págs. 43–51, 2008.
[9] Fischer, J e Doolan, Con. Improving acoustic be amforming maps in a reverberant environment by mo difying the cross-correlation matrix. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 411:129–147, 2017.
[10] Li, Zhibao e Yiu, Ka-Fai Cedric. Beamformer con figuration design in reverberant environments. En gineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 47: 81–87, 2016.
[11] Kwak, Seungchul; Ji, Yonghoon; Yamashita, Atsushi e Asama, Hajime. Development of acoustic camera imaging simulator based on novel model. Em 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), págs. 1719 1724. IEEE, 2015.
[12] Mai, Ngoc Trung; Ji, Yonghoon; Woo, Hanwool; Ta mura, Yusuke; Yamashita, Atsushi e Asama, Hajime. Acoustic image simulator based on active sonar model in underwater environment. Em 2018 15th Interna tional Conference on Ubiquitous Robots (UR), págs. 775–780. IEEE, 2018.
[13] Sarradj, Ennes e Herold, Gert. A python framework for microphone array data processing. Applied Acoustics, 116:50–58, 2017.
[14] Smith, Trey. Integrated system for autonomous and adaptive caretaking (isaac)- nasa. Disponível em: https://nasa.github.io/isaac/html/acoustics_camera. html. (acesso em: 08.01.2022).
[15] Grythe, Jorgen. Beamforming repository. Disponível em: https://github.com/jorgengrythe/beamforming. (acesso em: 04.02.2022).
[16] Allen, Jont B e Berkley, David A. Image method for efficiently simulating small-room acoustics. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 65(4): 943–950, 1979.
[17] Kinsler, Lawrence E; Frey, Austin R; Coppens, Alan B e Sanders, James V. Fundamentals of acoustics. John wiley & sons, 2000.
[18] Fu, Zhong-hua e Li, Jian-wei. Gpu-based image method for room impulse response calculation. Mul timedia Tools and Applications, 75(9):5205–5221, 2016.
[19] Schroeder, Manfred R. New method of measuring reverberation time. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 37(6):1187–1188, 1965.
[20] ISO, EN e STANDARD, BRITISH. Acoustics measurement of room acoustic parameters. 2008.
[21] Habets, Emanuel. Room impulse response generator. Disponível em: https://www.audiolabs-erlangen.d e/fau/professor/habets/software/rir-generator. (acesso em: 30.04.2022).
[22] Sarradj, Ennes. Three-dimensional acoustic source mapping with different beamforming steering vector formulations. Advances in Acoustics and Vibration, 2012, 2012.
[23] Underbrink, James R. Aeroacoustic phased array testing in low speed wind tunnels. Em Aeroacoustic measurements, págs. 98–217. Springer, 2002.
[24] Le Courtois, Florent; Thomas, Jean-Hugh; Poisson, Franck e Pascal, Jean-Claude. Genetic optimisation of a plane array geometry for beamforming. appli cation to source localisation in a high speed train. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 371:78–93, 2016.
Publicado em:
01/09/2022